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Jewish holiday

Yom Kippur יוֹם כִּפּוּר

The Day of Atonement, the holiest day of the Jewish year: a day of fasting, prayer and forgiveness.

Greeting: G'mar Chatimah Tovah! ("May you be sealed for good") · Tzom Kal ("an easy fast")

Yom Kippur
Maurycy Gottlieb, Jews Praying in the Synagogue on Yom Kippur (1878). Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.

The story

Yom Kippur falls on the tenth of Tishrei, ten days after Rosh Hashanah. The Torah calls it a day to "afflict your souls" and to be cleansed before God. In the days of the Temple, the High Priest entered the Holy of Holies only on this day.

Tradition teaches that on Yom Kippur the judgment written on Rosh Hashanah is sealed. God forgives sins against Him, but for wrongs done to other people we must first ask them for forgiveness.

How it is observed

Adults fast for about 25 hours, from before sunset until nightfall the next day: no food, no drink, no leather shoes and no bathing for pleasure. Many people wear white. The evening service opens with Kol Nidre, and the day ends with Neilah, "the closing of the gates", and one long blast of the shofar.

Blessings and prayers

1 · Lighting the Yom Kippur candles

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ לְהַדְלִיק נֵר שֶׁל יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים

Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech ha'olam, asher kid'shanu b'mitzvotav v'tzivanu l'hadlik ner shel Yom HaKippurim.

Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to light the candle of the Day of Atonement.

2 · Shehecheyanu

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, שֶׁהֶחֱיָנוּ וְקִיְּמָנוּ וְהִגִּיעָנוּ לַזְּמַן הַזֶּה

Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech ha'olam, shehecheyanu v'kiy'manu v'higiyanu lazman hazeh.

Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, who has given us life, sustained us and brought us to this season.

Reading and psalm

The confession (Vidui) and the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy are said many times. The Book of Jonah, a story of repentance and God's compassion, is read in the afternoon.

Customs and foods

Dressing in whiteWhite clothes are a sign of purity and of a new beginning.
Kol NidreThe haunting evening prayer that opens the holiday.
Break-fastAfter nightfall families break the fast together, often with sweet breads and dairy foods.
TzedakahGiving to charity before the holiday is part of asking for a good year.

Celebrate as a family

Before the holiday, call or write to someone you may have hurt this year and ask for forgiveness.

A meaningful gift

A simple gold Star of David or Chai is a meaningful way to mark a new beginning.

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