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Jewish holiday

Rosh Hashanah רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה

The Jewish New Year: two days of prayer, the sound of the shofar and sweet wishes for a good year.

Greeting: Shanah Tovah! ("A good year") · Shanah Tovah u'Metukah ("a good and sweet year")

Rosh Hashanah
Original illustration created for Amalia J & Boutique

The story

Rosh Hashanah, "head of the year", falls on the first two days of the month of Tishrei. Tradition teaches that it marks the creation of the first human being and that on this day God judges the world and writes each person in the Book of Life.

It opens the Ten Days of Repentance, which end on Yom Kippur: a time to look at our lives, ask forgiveness and begin again.

How it is observed

Families light candles on both evenings and share festive meals. In the synagogue the shofar, a ram's horn, is sounded one hundred times; its cry is a call to wake up the heart. On the first afternoon many people go to a river or the sea for Tashlich, symbolically casting away their sins.

Blessings and prayers

1 · Lighting the holiday candles

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ לְהַדְלִיק נֵר שֶׁל יוֹם טוֹב

Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech ha'olam, asher kid'shanu b'mitzvotav v'tzivanu l'hadlik ner shel Yom Tov.

Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to light the holiday candle.

2 · Shehecheyanu

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, שֶׁהֶחֱיָנוּ וְקִיְּמָנוּ וְהִגִּיעָנוּ לַזְּמַן הַזֶּה

Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech ha'olam, shehecheyanu v'kiy'manu v'higiyanu lazman hazeh.

Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, who has given us life, sustained us and brought us to this season.

3 · Over fruit from a tree

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָעֵץ

Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech ha'olam, borei p'ri ha'etz.

Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, who creates the fruit of the tree.

4 · Over the apple dipped in honey

יְהִי רָצוֹן מִלְּפָנֶיךָ ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ וֵאלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵינוּ, שֶׁתְּחַדֵּשׁ עָלֵינוּ שָׁנָה טוֹבָה וּמְתוּקָה

Y'hi ratzon mil'fanecha, Adonai Eloheinu v'Elohei avoteinu, shet'chadesh aleinu shanah tovah um'tukah.

May it be Your will, Lord our God and God of our ancestors, that You renew for us a good and sweet year.

5 · Hearing the shofar

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ לִשְׁמֹעַ קוֹל שׁוֹפָר

Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech ha'olam, asher kid'shanu b'mitzvotav v'tzivanu lishmoa kol shofar.

Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to hear the sound of the shofar.

Reading and psalm

Psalm 27, "The Lord is my light and my salvation", is said every day from the month of Elul until the end of Sukkot. Psalm 47, which speaks of the sound of the shofar, is recited before it is blown.

Customs and foods

Apple and honeyApple slices dipped in honey for a sweet year.
Round challahThe bread is round, like the cycle of the year, often with raisins.
SimanimSephardic families bless symbolic foods: pomegranate, dates, leeks, beets and a fish head.
TashlichPrayers by flowing water, casting away our mistakes.

Celebrate as a family

Taste a new fruit on the second night, like a pomegranate, and let each person say one wish for the new year.

A meaningful gift

A new year is a beautiful time to give a Star of David, a Chai ("life") or a Hamsa pendant in 18K gold.

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