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Jewish holiday

Hanukkah חֲנֻכָּה

The Festival of Lights: eight nights of candles remembering the rededication of the Temple and the miracle of the oil.

Greeting: Happy Hanukkah! · Chag Urim Sameach ("a happy Festival of Lights")

Hanukkah
Original illustration created for Amalia J & Boutique

The story

In the 2nd century BCE the Greek-Syrian king Antiochus IV tried to force the Jewish people to abandon their faith and defiled the Temple in Jerusalem. A small group led by the Maccabees fought back and recovered the Temple.

When they went to light the menorah, they found only one jar of pure oil, enough for one day, but it burned for eight days. Hanukkah means "dedication" and begins on the 25th of Kislev.

How it is observed

Each night one more candle is lit in the Hanukkiah (the eight-branched menorah), from one on the first night to eight on the last, using an extra candle, the shamash, to light the others. The menorah is placed in a window or doorway to share the miracle. On Friday the Hanukkah candles are lit before the Shabbat candles.

Blessings and prayers

1 · Lighting the Hanukkah candles

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ לְהַדְלִיק נֵר חֲנֻכָּה

Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech ha'olam, asher kid'shanu b'mitzvotav v'tzivanu l'hadlik ner Hanukkah.

Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to light the Hanukkah candle.

2 · For the miracles

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, שֶׁעָשָׂה נִסִּים לַאֲבוֹתֵינוּ בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה

Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech ha'olam, she'asah nisim la'avoteinu bayamim hahem bazman hazeh.

Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, who performed miracles for our ancestors in those days, at this season.

3 · Shehecheyanu · first night only

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, שֶׁהֶחֱיָנוּ וְקִיְּמָנוּ וְהִגִּיעָנוּ לַזְּמַן הַזֶּה

Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech ha'olam, shehecheyanu v'kiy'manu v'higiyanu lazman hazeh.

Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, who has given us life, sustained us and brought us to this season.

Reading and psalm

Psalm 30, "A song for the dedication of the House", is said each day, and the full Hallel is sung on all eight days. The prayer Al HaNissim, "for the miracles", is added to the prayers and the grace after meals.

Customs and foods

Latkes and sufganiyotPotato pancakes and jelly doughnuts, fried in oil to remember the miracle.
The dreidelA spinning top with the letters נ ג ה ש: "a great miracle happened there".
Gelt and giftsCoins and small gifts, especially for children.
Menorah in the windowThe lights are placed where people outside can see them.

Celebrate as a family

Light the candles together every night, sing Maoz Tzur and play dreidel for chocolate coins.

A meaningful gift

A Star of David pendant in 18K gold is a gift that lasts long after the eight nights.

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